ENT diseases

Ear, throat and nose diseases have been taught since 1920, when the Medical Faculty of Kuban State University was established. From the beginning of the organization of the Department of ENT Diseases until the day of his death in July 1930, he headed the department. Nikolai Alexandrovich Khristianov (1920-1930), having solid training in the clinic of the founder of Russian otorhinolaryngology, N.P. Simanovsky, and extensive practical experience, he put a lot of effort into organizing both the department and specialized medical care in the Kuban. Thanks to his energy, the first special hospital for ear, nose and throat diseases in the North Caucasus was opened in Krasnodar in 1920. He was also engaged in scientific work, published 7 scientific papers, received the academic title of privatdozent, and then associate professor.
Professor Abram Mikhailovich Reinus (1897-1972) was the head of the department from 1931 until the evacuation of the institute during the war, in August 1942, in Yerevan.
The staff of the department changed annually. Besides Professor A.M. Reinus, there were 3 assistants, candidates of medical sciences: V.K. Suprunov, A.A. Akimov and S.P. Ponomarev. The latter was later replaced by L.P. Lazarevich. V.K. Suprunov became a doctor of medical sciences in 1941.
Since the beginning of the war, A.A. Akimov and S.P. Ponomarev were mobilized into the ranks of the Soviet Army and dropped out of the clinic. The staff of the department worked in army units and evacuation hospitals in Krasnodar and Yerevan. during the stay of the institute in evacuation. The generalization of this work was, in particular, in the articles of Associate Professor A.A. Akimov on gunshot wounds of the ear and paranasal sinuses, as well as Professor V.K. Suprunov on the etiology and pathogenesis of wartime deafness (both A.A. Slavinsky). Under the guidance of prof. Reinus studied the problems of pathogenesis and treatment of chronic otitis media, tonsillitis, allergies, and performed dissertations. And he also inherited a scientific legacy: his son is a doctor of medical Sciences, professor of the Department of Anatomy, and his grandson is a candidate of medical Sciences, an otorhinolaryngologist.
During the period from 1926 to 1942, 2 doctoral and 4 candidate dissertations were completed.
Until 1928, the department participated in the work of the Physico-Medical Society, in 1928-30 – the Joseph Lister Surgical Society; in 1931-33 – the Unified Scientific Medical and Biological Society, and finally, since 1934, it has concentrated its work in the Krasnodar Department of the Otorhinolaryngological Society of the RSFSR (ROLO). Through this society, the department provided education and advanced training for young otolaryngologists in the city and the region, supervised the provision of specialized care to the population, and liaised with the country’s ENT clinics.
After returning from the evacuation in 1943, the military and post-war period in the life of the department passed. Now it is headed by Professor Valentin Kuzmich Suprunov (1902-1974), Doctor of Medical Sciences. With great difficulty, the almost completely lost scientific and educational equipment, medical instruments, and work premises are being restored and created. The clinic expanded in 1958 to 60 beds. Among the first in the country, an auditory prosthetic room was opened in 1948, an inhalatory in 1949, a sign language room in 1953, a phoniatric room in January 1963, and an ENT department was opened in the regional cancer dispensary in 1969. All this improved specialized assistance to the population, gave students a broader understanding of our far from “narrow” specialty.
The teaching of ENT diseases was conducted in the IV, V and VI courses (subordination), at the only medical faculty at that time. Programmed training was introduced, and educational and methodological literature was published for students, interns, and clinical residents.
The student scientific circle has been working at the department since 1949. Students, in addition to medical work (medical rounds, night shifts, providing emergency care to patients, participating in operations), were also engaged in scientific work. Many of them later became qualified practical otorhinolaryngologists.
Having started scientific work in the circle, they later became candidates, doctors of medical sciences, professors J.K. Lopunov, A.A. Gorokhov. All the staff of the department at that time were former members of the circle: N.I. Muratov, V.M. Mezentsev, M.A. Hlechas, M.M. Sergeev, I.N. Yakobashvili, L.E. Ponomarev.
Among the professors, heads of the department, each of whom contributed to the development of the Department of ENT Diseases, I would like to highlight the name of Professor Valentin Kuzmich Suprunov, who headed the department in 1942-1974. V.K. Suprunov’s entire career is closely connected with the Kuban Medical Institute, of which he was the first doctor graduated in 1925. He went through the entire ladder of academic, medical and social growth: from an externalist to a professor, head of the department of Honored Scientist of the RSFSR, rector of the Institute and deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, with election in 1946, 1950 and 1954.
The range of scientific research of the department at that time was quite wide, but the leading problem was ear diseases and otogenic intracranial complications. V.K. Suprunov, through his work, convinced domestic and foreign otorhinolaryngologists to abandon intracranial otogenic complications of endolumbal punctures with the introduction of antibiotics, when they can be limited only to intramuscular administration.
There were other scientific problems: diagnosis and treatment of cancer of the larynx, injuries of the ENT organs of peacetime and wartime, cochlear neuritis. They were also the topic of his speeches at forums of various categories – congresses in the USSR and congresses abroad (Hungary, Poland, Mexico).
He is the author of a number of articles in Large and Small medical encyclopedias, co-author of a short and multi-volume guide for doctors (1954, 1960, 1963, 1969).
One of the main scientific tasks assigned to the staff of the Kuban Medical Institute at its creation was to study and use the natural resources of the Kuban in the treatment of patients. A.M. Reinus and A.A. Akimov dealt with this problem at the department, and A.A. Kravchenko completed her PhD and later, in Moscow, her doctoral dissertations.
Oncology at the department was handled by I.N. Yakobashvili, Yu.I. Dragunov, allergy – J.K. Lopunova, L.E. Ponomarev, hearing–improving operations – V.M. Mezentsev, N.I. Muratov. General anesthesia was introduced during operations and manipulations (bronchoesophagoscopy).
The presence of a stable staff of erudite teachers and highly qualified otorhinolaryngologists at the clinic made it possible to provide state-of-the-art medical and scientific advisory services not only in the region, but also abroad. L.P. Lazarevich (China), M.M. Sergeev (Mongolia), V.I. Kolmakov, V.I. Shcherbina (Iran), Yu.G. Fisenko (Afghanistan), L.G. Brik (Algeria), F.P. Pelipenko (Yemen), and others worked abroad.
Independent ENT hospitals have been established in 7 districts of the region, and permanent beds for ENT patients have been allocated in 18 districts. The clinic staff conducted curatorial work with young specialists in the districts, inter-district, regional and North Caucasian conferences were organized.
In 1971, V.K. Suprunov was awarded the honorary title of Honored Scientist of the RSFSR.
From 1974 to 1996, Professor Nikolai Ivanovich Muratov (1927-1996) was the head of the department. Inpatient care for ENT patients left the Regional Multidisciplinary Hospital No. 1, as the Krasnodar Regional Otorhinolaryngological Center with 120 beds was opened on his initiative and direct participation in 1985. The center is well equipped with modern diagnostic and therapeutic equipment, including surgical microscopes, endoscopes, and surgical laser devices.
In science at that time, in addition to the ongoing pediatric topic, the department conducted a study of the features of ENT diseases in the main professional groups of agricultural workers in the Kuban. Based on the results of this work, the PhD theses of V.F. Voronkin and F.V. Semenov were completed.
Together with the Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, we supervised the problem of stenosing laryngotracheitis in children. In 1985, a “laryngitis” department was organized in the DIB of Krasnodar, the initiators of this were L.E. Ponomarev and O.K. Alexandrova. They supervised him for many years, which made it possible to practically eliminate mortality in this serious pathology.
Professor Vladimir Fedorovich Voronkin (1942-2001) was the head of the department from 1996 to 2001. In his PhD thesis, he clarified some diagnostic methods for allergic rhinosinusitis in rice farmers, and in his doctoral thesis, methods for early diagnosis of atypical course of otogenic intracranial complications. During this period, surgical ultrasound and therapeutic laser were introduced in the clinic. The department took an active part in the preparation and holding of the XVI All-Russian Congress of Otorhinolaryngologists in Sochi in 2001.
In 1992-2010, along with the student department, a course of ENT diseases worked in the structure of the FPPV Medical University. It consisted of the most experienced teachers and doctors: Professor L.E. Ponomarev, Associate Professor M.M. Sergeev, assistants V.V. Skibitsky and E.K. Getmansky; the latter were awarded the title of Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation. Associate Professor M.M. Sergeev led the course in 1992-2008, Professor L.E. Ponomarev in 2008-2010.
The main scientific topic of the ENT course was pediatric otorhinolaryngology. These were oto- and rhinogenic complications in children, sanatorium treatment and rehabilitation of children and families. At the federal children’s and family resort of Anapa, on the basis of the Diluch sanatorium and resort association, a unique ENT department was created in this system, which became the base for medical, scientific and educational work at the resort. Based on scientific research, mainly at the Anapa resort, L.E.’s doctoral thesis was completed and defended in 2000. Ponomareva on the topic “non-drug treatment of chronic tonsillitis in children using physical factors”. He wrote 2 chapters in the manual for doctors “Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology”, 10 teaching letters, 5 monographs, and received 4 patents for inventions.